FRUITING PARAMETERS AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF DOGROSE VARIETIES IN MARI EL

Abstract

The work was aimed at the studying of fruiting parameters, content of carotene and ascorbic acid in 6 dog rose varieties fruits in the VSUT BGI collection (Yoshkar-Ola, the Mari El Republic).Along with the key goal we studied the weight and morphometric indicators of fruits and determined the content of carotene and ascorbic acid in fruits. The objects of our research were the plants of 6 dogrose varieties: ‘Bagryany’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Rumyany’, ‘Khiromant’, ‘Shpil’, ‘Vorontsovsky 3’. We studied the following fruiting parameters using the standard techniques: quantity of fruits in fruit compound, weight of 1 fruit, sizes of fruits, yield of air dried fruits. Content of carotene and ascorbic acid in fruits was determined by the titration method. Results. Values of 1 fruit weight of the studied dogrose varieties varied from 1.2 to 2.2 g, diameter of fruits – from 1.3 to 1.7 cm, length of fruits – from 1.8 to 2.4 cm. Varieties with large fruits are ‘Shpil’,  ‘Kapitan’, ‘Rumyany’, ‘Khiromant’, with small – ‘Bagryany’ and ‘Vorontsovsky 3’. The yield of dried fruits changed from 27.9 % to 39.7 %. Fruits have been located singly or collected in compound on average in 1.5–2.9 pieces. The content of carotene in fruits fluctuated from 1.99 to 2.65 mg/g of crude weight. The greatest number of carotene is revealed in fruits of ‘Rumyany’ and ‘Kapitan’, what is 1.1–1.3 times more, in comparison with ‘Vorontsovsky 3’ and ‘Khiromant’. The amount of ascorbic acid in fruits of the studied varieties changed from 594.89 to 746.66 mg/g of crude weight. The content of ascorbic acid in fruits of ‘Rumyany’ and ‘Kapitan’ was revealed 1.1–1.3 times more, than in varieties ‘Khiromant’ and ‘Vorontsovsky 3’. Conclusions. The studied species are divided depending on the size of fruit into  large-fruited and small-fruited. The quantity of fruits in compound was characterized by the greatest variability between varieties. The weight of 1 fruit and the yield of dried fruits are less variable. The diameter and length of fruits are least changeable. The bigger diameter of fruits corresponded to the higher weight of fruits and larger quantity in a corymb. A yield of dried fruits correlated with a diameter of fruits and their weight. Fruits of large-fruited varieties (‘Rumyany’, ‘Kapitan’) contained the highest amount of carotene and ascorbic acid. In terms of carotene and ascorbic acid content the ‘Khiromant’ species is closer to small-fruited one (‘Vorontsovsky 3’). The obtained data can be used to organize plantation cultivation of a dogrose in the Volga-Vyatka region.