STATE AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENETIC-BREEDING POOL OF CONIFERS IN SIBERIA (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)

Abstract

Introduction. For 47 years of large-scale implementation of breeding seed production programs in many regions of Siberia, genetic-breeding pools (GBP) of conifers have been created, but their development was stopped in the 1990s. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the accumulated experience and develop the new programs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the state of GBP of coniferous species of Novosibirsk region and to develop the new programs taking into account the latest achievements of forest genetics. Objects and research methods. The structure of the GBP was studied using the available literature data and the stock materials provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Novosibirsk Region. Assessment of the condition of objects and measurement of trees was carried out in 2018 using the generally accepted methods. When assessing the area of plantations, the preservation of trees, and the degree of closure of crowns on the plantations of the Elbashi breeding nursery, the satellite data from Pleades with a resolution of 0.5 meters were additionally used. Results and discussion. Novosibirsk region is distinguished with the use of all forest-forming conifers in the breeding programs: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Larix sibirica, Picea obováta and Abies sibirica. Among the "nature" objects that perform the functions of preserving the gene pool in situ, there are 2585 ha of genetic reserves, 130.6 ha of plus stands, and 592 plus trees (PT). Among 225 ha of plantation trees, first-generation of forest seed orchards (FSO) and clone archives of plus-trees of P. sylvestris and P. sibirica prevail. There are also about 15 ha of the most representative for the Siberian Federal District on the number and age of offspring of test plantation of plus trees and 15 ha of provenance trial plantations of P. sylvestris. The major shortcomings of the objects and the reasons that cause them are identified. The need in forest enterprises for the improved forest seeds is analyzed. The promising modifications of the methods are considered. Conclusion. In connection with the long interruption in the development of forest seed production in Siberia, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts and finances by analyzing the state of the created GBP and by developing the updated programs that take into account the accumulated domestic and world experience in this field. As an example, the fundamental provisions of these programs are formulated, arising from an analysis of the state and the methods used to establish the GBP of coniferous species in the Novosibirsk region.